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Increasing evidence has revealed that IGF signalling plays a key role in cellular proliferation, survival, differentiation and senescence. Dysregulation of this signalling pathway is related to the development and progression of many human diseases, including cancer, diabetes and atherosclerosis. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) is reported to be a modulator of the action of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), whereas IGF-independent effects of IGFBP-2 on cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and mobility have been revealed not only during the embryonic state but also in the pathological state of cancer. IGFBP-2 is involved in the genesis and progress of various malignancies including lung cancer. Recent ifndings show in many pre-clinical trials that IGFBP-2 may contribute to the transformation and progression of lung cancer. These studies suggest that IGFBP-2 may be a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer. In this review, we provide an overview on IGFBP-2, review corresponding studies investigating the role of IGFBP-2 as a cancer target in multiple tumors and discuss its possible mechanism in lung cancer.