膀胱癌是泌尿系统最常见的恶性肿瘤,其治疗主要是应用各种手术方式切除发生癌变的组织,术后应用局部或全身化疗、免疫治疗杀灭残留的癌细胞,以预防复发。对一些多发性浅表性膀胱肿瘤、膀胱原位癌的患者,也有应用化疗、免疫治疗的方式进行治疗,其中,免疫治疗作为化疗的一种替代的治疗方式,正越来越多地受到人们的重视。目前,免疫治疗的方法较多,大体可分为特异性免疫治疗和非 Bladder cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary system. Its treatment is mainly the application of various surgical methods to excise the cancerous tissue. Local or systemic chemotherapy is applied after surgery. Immunotherapy can kill residual cancer cells and prevent recurrence. For some patients with multiple superficial bladder tumors, bladder cancer in situ, but also the use of chemotherapy, immunotherapy approach to treatment, of which immunotherapy as an alternative treatment of chemotherapy is being more and more people The importance of. At present, there are many ways of immunotherapy, which can be divided into specific immunotherapy and non-treatment