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目的探讨居室装修建材种类、装修时期与儿童哮喘类症状的关系。方法于2011年4月—2012年4月对上海市3个市内行政区和2个郊区行政区的72所幼儿园的家长发放17 898份问卷,并回收13 335份由4~6岁儿童的家长填写的问卷,基于这些问卷,采用卡方检验和Logistic回归分析儿童卧室地板和墙面材料、新添置家具和居室装修时期与学龄前4~6岁儿童哮喘类症状(喘息、干咳和哮喘)的关系。结果 66.7%和51.2%的家庭使用实木和乳胶漆分别作为儿童卧室地板和墙面材料。在母亲妊娠期间和儿童0~1岁间进行居室装修的家庭数量明显少于在母亲妊娠前1年内和儿童1岁后进行装修的家庭。以实木和强化木为地板材料的家庭的儿童发生干咳和哮喘的风险高于水泥(OR=1.11~2.13,P<0.05,P<0.01),墙面材料为乳胶漆和油漆的家庭的儿童发生干咳和哮喘的风险高于石灰(OR=1.10~1.27,P<0.05,P<0.01)。调整混杂因素后,使用实木或强化木的家庭的儿童干咳和哮喘的风险依旧高于水泥(P<0.05,P<0.01),且使用强化木的风险较高;上述4个时期添置新家具的家庭的儿童喘息和干咳的风险较高(AOR=1.13~1.23,P<0.05,P<0.01);儿童0~1岁间进行居室装修的家庭的儿童干咳的风险较高(AOR=1.57,P<0.01)。结论本次调查的上海居民对家庭装修的时间具有一定的选择性。与普通材料(水泥和石灰)相比,新型居室装修材料(实木、强化木等)可能会增加儿童患哮喘类症状的风险。妊娠期前后1年和儿童0~1岁期间添置新家具和居室装修的家庭的4~6岁儿童有一定的发生哮喘类症状的风险。
Objective To explore the relationship between the types of decoration materials for living room decoration and the symptoms of childhood asthma during the period of decoration. Methods From April 2011 to April 2012, 17 898 questionnaires were distributed to parents of 72 kindergartens in three municipal districts of Shanghai and two suburban administrative districts and 13 335 children aged from 4 to 6 were retrieved Based on these questionnaires, using chi-square test and Logistic regression to analyze the relationship between childhood bedroom floor and wall materials, newly added furniture and bedroom decoration and asthma symptoms (wheezing, dry cough and asthma) in preschool children aged 4 ~ 6 years . Results 66.7% and 51.2% of households used solid wood and latex paints as children’s bedroom floor and wall materials, respectively. The number of families who did renovations during the mother’s gestation and between 0 and 1 years of age was significantly less than that in families who had been renovated within one year before the mother’s pregnancy and one year after the child’s age. Children with a family of solid wood and laminate flooring had a higher risk of developing dry cough and asthma than those with cement (OR = 1.11-2.13, P <0.05, P <0.01), children with wall materials in paints and paints The risk of dry cough and asthma was higher than that of lime (OR = 1.10-1.27, P <0.05, P <0.01). After adjusting for confounding, the risk of dry cough and asthma in children using solid wood or fortified wood was still higher than that of cement (P <0.05, P <0.01) and the risk of using hardened wood was higher; in the four periods, new furniture Family children had a higher risk of wheezing and dry cough (AOR = 1.13-1.23, P <0.05, P <0.01). Children in families with children aged 0-1 years had a higher risk of dry cough (AOR = 1.57, P <0.01). Conclusion Shanghai residents surveyed this time have a certain degree of selectivity on the time of home decoration. Newer home improvement materials (solid wood, hardened wood, etc.) may increase the risk of developing asthma symptoms in children compared to ordinary materials (cement and lime). Children aged 4 to 6 years old with 1 year before and after pregnancy and 0-1 years old with new furniture and room decoration have a certain risk of developing asthma symptoms.