作为计划经济体制形成的历史起点,统购统销是国家从流通环节对农产品生产、流通、消费进行全面控制的核心体制安排之一。因而,农村最初改革重新界定土地使用关系并开放剩余农产品市场,实际上也就开始了统购统销体制改革。随着20世纪80年代中期出现第一次粮棉相对过剩局面,统购统销体制改革全面 As a historical starting point for the formation of a planned economic system, the state monopoly for purchase and marketing is one of the core institutional arrangements for the state to exercise overall control over the production, circulation and consumption of agricultural products from circulation. Thus, the initial rural reform redefined the land-use relationship and opened up the surplus agricultural products market, in fact, it started the reform of the state monopoly system. With the emergence of the first surplus of grain and cotton in the mid-1980s, the reform of the state monopoly for purchase and marketing of goods was comprehensive