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美国拥有世界上最大和最丰富的油页岩资源,从东部各州到西部各州的油页岩有近2×1012bbl。从2006年起,超过25家美国公司发布了油页岩开发的新技术。所做的一项分析已经测定和评价了油页岩技术的进展,这些技术可以促进油页岩的商品化。取得的进展包括减少用水量、有效地提高能源效率和净能源的平衡、优化碳和排放的控制、降低表面冲击、页岩使用及处理的费用,以及有效的地表水保护。分析主要着眼于地表和原位油页岩处理工艺,这些技术主要包括生成液体燃料以及向发电站供应的燃料。著名的例子包括Kiviter和Galoter干馏炉在爱沙尼亚的应用,OSEC在犹他州使用的亚伯达Taciuk反应器,在科罗拉多州和约旦使用原地壳式转化装置,在巴西使用的Petrobras petrosix燃气反应器,由斯伦贝谢公司许可的临界流条件下单位频率的雷诺和CF比,以及欧洲页岩处理技术在犹他州的发展。对这些结果的分析表明,当在满足技术操作、资源保护以及环境保护的严格的工业和公共标准条件下,从油页岩中生产原油具有技术和经济上的可行性。
The United States has the largest and most abundant oil shale resources in the world, with nearly 2 × 1012bbl of oil shale from the eastern states to the western states. Since 2006, more than 25 U.S. companies have released new technologies for oil shale development. An analysis done has determined and evaluated the progress of oil shale technologies that can facilitate the commercialization of oil shale. Progress achieved includes reducing water use, effectively improving energy efficiency and net energy balance, optimizing carbon and emission control, reducing surface impacts, cost of shale use and disposal, and effective surface water conservation. The analysis focuses primarily on the surface and in situ oil shale treatment processes, which mainly include the generation of liquid fuels and the supply of fuel to power stations. Notable examples include the use of Kiviter and Galoter retorts in Estonia, the Alberta Taciuk reactor used by OSEC in Utah, the use of the original crust conversion unit in Colorado and Jordan, the Petrobras petrosix gas reactor used in Brazil, Schlumberger permits per unit flow rates of Renault and CF under critical flow conditions and the development of European shale processing technology in Utah. Analysis of these results shows that it is technically and economically viable to produce crude oil from oil shale under stringent industrial and public standards that meet technical operations, resource conservation and environmental protection.