20世纪 90年代剧变后的中东欧国家相继开始从中央计划经济到市场经济的转型。最初这些国家大都接受“华盛顿共识”的建议 ,实行自由化、稳定化、私有化 ,力图立刻“跳入”自由市场经济。但随之灾难性的衰退出现 ,而转型中的种种问题也推动了转型理论的发展 ,“渐进—制度观”日益为学术界和转型国家所接受 Central and Eastern European countries that have drastically changed after the drastic changes in the 1990s started to make the transition from a centrally planned economy to a market economy. Initially, most of these countries accepted the “consensus of Washington” for their proposal to liberalize, stabilize and privatize themselves and try to “jump into” the free market economy immediately. However, with the catastrophic recession, the problems in the transition also promoted the development of the theory of transition. The “progressive-institutional view” is increasingly accepted by academics and countries in transition