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海上钻完井作业面临海洋环境恶劣、浅层地质灾害等复杂工况,极易发生油气泄漏、井喷等事故。为有效预防海上钻完井作业事故,提出基于瑞士奶酪模型的安全屏障模型。采用事故树和故障模式及影响分析相结合的方法,分析作业过程风险。该模型根据挪威标准D-010,建立完井作业关井阶段的物理安全屏障和安全屏障控制原理图,在此基础上构建油气泄漏事故树和失效模式与影响分析表,找出关井阶段可能的油气泄漏途径。通过对重要度计算和风险优先度值排序确定作业过程中最薄弱的安全屏障和关键故障模式。结果表明,作业过程中最薄弱的安全屏障是采油树、油管和地面控制井下安全阀(SCSSV),采油树腐蚀、密封失效、油管接头密封失效和SCSSV开关故障是影响作业过程的关键故障模式。
Offshore drilling and completion operations are subject to harsh marine environments and shallow geological disasters and other complex conditions, prone to oil and gas leakage, blowout and other accidents. In order to effectively prevent offshore drilling and completion operations, a safety barrier model based on the Swiss cheese model is proposed. The method of combining fault tree with fault mode and impact analysis is used to analyze the operational process risk. According to the Norwegian standard D-010, the model establishes the physical safety barrier and safety barrier control principle diagram of well completion during well completion. Based on this model, an oil and gas leakage accident tree and failure mode and impact analysis table are constructed to find out the potential of shut- The way of oil and gas leaks. The weakest security barrier and critical failure modes are identified during the job by ranking importance and risk prioritization. The results show that the weakest safety barriers in the operation are the key failure modes affecting the operation of the tree, tubing and ground controlled safety valve (SCSSV), tree sap, seal failure, tubing joint seal failure and SCSSV switch failure.