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1.前言分立的晶体三极管和二极管在发展过程中得到了种种改进,这些改进导致向更大电流,更高速度或高频两个方向发展。目前在这两方面的改进研制工作仍在进行。由分立的三极管和二极管派生出来的集成电路也正在走着同样的道路。一方面,集成电路在低功耗方面向扩大集成度的方向发展。但是,功能如变得越复杂,则其通用性就被限制了。也就是除了特定的用处外,不能用的地方就多了。另一方面,即保持集成电路的特点又能象单个三极管、二极管那样使用简便的集成电路,到目前还不够产品化。集成电路的基本特点主要的有:
1. INTRODUCTION Discrete transistors and diodes have been developed with improvements that have led to greater current, higher speed, or higher frequencies. At present, improvements in these two aspects are still under development. Integrated circuits derived from discrete transistors and diodes are also on the same path. On the one hand, integrated circuits have been developed to increase the level of integration in terms of low power consumption. However, as functions become more complex, their versatility is limited. In other words, there are more places that can not be used except for the specific use. On the other hand, to maintain the characteristics of integrated circuits and can be used as a single transistor, diode, easy to use integrated circuits, so far not enough product. The basic characteristics of integrated circuits are: