发展农村教育的关键在教师。调研发现,我国广大农村存在着普遍的教师“超编”现象,部分不合格教师占据着教师岗位,优质师资进不去,导致了高学历达标率与合格教师缺乏、大学生难进与骨干教师流失、老龄化倾向与教学效果降低等几组相倚共生、互为因应的矛盾。阻碍农村教师队伍素质难以提高的真正原因在于,在农村教师队伍的入口、出口及在岗教师内部存在着多重障碍,建议国家在吸引优秀师资、淘汰不合格教师、促进在岗教师专业发展等方面进行重大改革,培养和造就一支充满活力、优质高效的农村教师队伍。 The key to developing rural education lies in teachers. The survey found that there is a common teacher “superscript ” phenomenon in most rural areas in China. Some unqualified teachers occupy teachers’ posts and qualified teachers can not get in, which leads to the high academic attainment rate, the lack of qualified teachers, the hard-up college students and the key teachers Loss, aging tendency and teaching effectiveness reduce several groups such as mutual symbiosis, each contradictory to each other. The real reason that impedes the improvement of the quality of teachers in rural areas lies in the fact that there are multiple obstacles within the rural teachers’ entrances, exits and in-service teachers. It is suggested that the state should make major efforts in attracting outstanding teachers, eliminating unqualified teachers and promoting the professional development of on-the-job teachers Reform, cultivate and bring up a vibrant, high quality and efficient rural teachers.