本文以地物特征点之间的几何条件建立条件方程,通过平差计算得到地物点测量的精度,由于不同于传统的地物点高精评定方法(对已测完的地物,再架设仪器测量特征点,用两次结果的差值评定地物点精度),故称为地物点测量精度的自评定法。其特点:一是通过平差计算可得到地物特征点测定中误差、地物面积的中误差和面积相对中误差;二是使基础地理数据有很好的几何上的一致性;三是绘图和精度同步,即当用平差后坐标绘图的同时,便知道
从观测分组的参数平差的一般形式出发,详细推导观测量误差相关时序贯最小二乘平差及其精度估计,讨论几种特殊序贯平差问题。算例表明,推导的公式正确、有效且实用。
测量数据处理往往认为方向观测值间是相互独立的,但相近的仪器设备、观测环境和观测人员决定了方向观测值间应该存在一定的相关性。假设同一测站只有相邻的方向观测值相关,构造初始方差-协方差矩阵,根据方差-协方差分量估计算法估计相邻方向观测值间的验后相关系数。通过大量实测数据计算表明,相邻方向观测值之间存在着相关系数约0.2的正相关。
The existing studies of geological relics have formed a classification system,which is based on geological relic cause factors.According to the geological relics of the tourist conception and perspect
由国土资源部科技与国际合作司和地质环境司、山东省泰安市人民政府、中国联合国教科文组织全国委员会、中国地质科学院、中国国际地学计划全国委员会、联合国教科文组织和国际地质科学联合会等相
In recent years,great efforts have been made on the geoparks application and construction,but there is a shortage of research on the theories and methodologies of geoheritage investigation and assessm
The geological heritage resource of water landscape in Yandangshan Global Geopark consists of 5 subclasses and 9 types,which cover more than 20 geological heritage spots.Including Dalongqiu Waterfall
Both geoparks and geosites are unique geological features of spectacular importance to earth science (global scientific importance) and the surrounding community.The Oldonyo Lengai(The God for the Maa
Malaysia embarks on geoheritage conservation in the late 1970s with initial listing of important geological sites for conservation.In the late 1980s the idea of having a more systematic approach was d