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脑卒中后缺血组织边界形成胶质疤痕,抑制轴突再生.神经蛋白聚糖是一种轴突延长抑制分子,在卒中后胶质疤痕中表达上调.骨髓基质干细胞(BMSCs)可降低胶质疤痕壁的厚度,加速缺血周边区的轴突重塑.为了进一步明确BMSCs在轴突再生中的作用及机制,本文重点研究脑缺血组织中BMSCs对神经蛋白聚糖表达的作用.31只成年雄性Wistar大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞(MCAo)2 h,24 h后从中选择16只给予尾静脉注射3 × 106鼠BMSCs(BMSCs组),15只注射磷酸盐缓冲生理盐水(对照组).缺血后8 d处死实验大鼠,免疫染色表明反应性星形胶质细胞是神经蛋白聚糖的原始来源,且BMSCs组缺血半暗带脑组织的神经聚糖表达明显低于对照组,生长相关蛋白43表达高于对照组,这在蛋白印迹分析中得到确认.为了进一步检测BMSCs在星形胶质细胞神经蛋白聚糖表达中的作用,用激光捕获显微切割法从缺血周边区收集单纯的反应性星形胶质细胞.BMSCs组的神经蛋白聚糖基因表达明显下调(n=4/组).原代培养的星形胶质细胞也表现出相同改变,糖氧剥离的星形胶质细胞再给氧时与BMSCs共培养会抑制神经蛋白聚糖基因的表达上调(n=3/组).本研究表明BMSCs通过下调梗死周边星形胶质细胞中神经蛋白聚糖的表达来促进轴突再生.“,”The glial scar, a primarily astrocytic structure bordering the infarct tissue inhibits axonal regeneration after stroke. Neurocan, an axonal extension inhibitory molecule, is upregulated in the scar region after stroke. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) reduce the thickness of glial scar wall and facilitate axonal remodeling in the ischemic boundary zone. To further clarify the role of BMSCs in axonal regeneration and its underlying mechanism, the current study focused on the effect of BMSCs on neurocan expression in the ischemic brain. Thirty-one adult male Wistar rats were subjected to 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by an injection of 3×106 rat BMSCs (n=16) or phosphate-buffered saline (n=15) into the tail vein 24 h later. Animals were sacrificed at 8 days after stroke. Immunostaining analysis showed that reactive astrocytes were the primary source of neurocan, and BMSC-treated animals had significantly lower neurocan and higher growth associated protein 43 expression in the penumbral region compared with control rats, which was confirmed by Western blot analysis of the brain tissue. To further investigate the effects of BMSCs on astrocyte neurocan expression, single reactive astrocytes were collected from the ischemic boundary zone using laser capture microdissection. Neurocan gene expression was significantly down-regulated in rats receiving BMSC transplantation (n=4/group). Primary cultured astrocytes showed similar alterations; BMSC coculture during reoxygenation abolished the up-regulation of neurocan gene in astrocytes undergoing oxygen-glucose deprivation (n=3/group). Our data suggest that BMSCs promote axonal regeneration by reducing neurocan expression in peri-infarct astrocytes.c 2008 Wiley-Liss,Inc.