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【目的】采用等位酶电泳技术对中国松毛虫属Dendrolimus4种共9个地理种群进行遗传多样性和遗传分化研究。【方法】对6种等位酶系统乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、苹果酸酶(ME)、乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)、甲酸脱氢酶(FDH)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析。【结果】在4种松毛虫9个地理居群中共检测到10个基因位点,其中4个位点为多态位点,检测到17个等位基因;种群总体水平多态位点比率P=40%,平均有效基因数A=1.700,平均期望杂合度He=0.151,种群平均遗传距离为0.001~0.285;其中马尾松毛虫指名亚种Dendrolimu punctatus Walker6个居群的遗传分化度Fst=0.265,基因流Nm=0.692。4种松毛虫之间遗传关系最近的是落叶松毛虫D.superans Butler和马尾松毛虫的地理亚种赤松毛虫D.punctatus spectabilis Butler,遗传关系最远的是落叶松毛虫D.superans Butler和云南松毛虫D.houi Lajonquiere。【结论】马尾松毛虫居群间遗传分化程度较大,基因交流较少,遗传漂变已经成为导致该物种种群分化的主要原因之一;遗传距离与地理距离存在一定相关性。
【Aim】 Allele enzyme electrophoresis was used to study the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of nine geographical populations of Dendrolimus species in China. 【Method】 The activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), malate (ME), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), formate dehydrogenase (FDH) Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 【Result】 Ten gene loci were detected in 9 geographical populations of 4 species of Dendrolimus in which 4 loci were polymorphic loci and 17 alleles were detected. The ratio of total polymorphic loci P = 40%, the average number of effective genes A = 1.700, the average expected heterozygosity He = 0.151, the average genetic distance of the population was 0.001 ~ 0.285; the genetic differentiation Fst = 0.265 of Dendrolimus punctatus Walker 6 populations, Gene flow Nm = 0.692 The most recent genetic relationship among the four species of Dendrolimus was the geographical sub-species D. punctatus spectabilis Butler of D. caterpillar, D.superans Butler, and the masson pine caterpillar, .superans Butler and Yunnan pinecone D.houi Lajonquiere. 【Conclusion】 The population of Dendrolimus punctatus has a large degree of genetic differentiation and less gene exchange, and genetic drift has become one of the major causes of population differentiation. Genetic distance has some correlation with geographical distance.