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指导学生写作论说文,是中学语文教学的一项重要内容。目前的指导内容,一般离不开范文指导,写作知识指导、论说文文体知识指导等几个方面。所谓范文指导,一般是结合写作知识讲清思想内容和字、词、句、篇基础知识;所谓写作知识指导,一般离不开立意、选材、构思、剪裁、谋篇布局等;而所谓论说文文体知识指导总是要讲论点、论据、论证、立论和驳论。有人为了帮助学生“开拓思路通茅塞”,还总结出这样的口诀:“正面说,反面议,为什么,怎么样,举例证,驳异论。”(见1981年第2期《语文学习》中《开拓思路通茅塞》一文)毫无疑问,这些指导都是必要的,是能收到一定的成效的。但是,这些指导在进行中很容易忽视论说文写作的一个重要问题,即论说文写作的基本规律。如果这些指导不和掌握论说文写作的基本规律紧密结合起来,那么其作用和成效就会大受影响。
Guiding students’ writing thesis is an important part of Chinese teaching in middle school. The current guidance content is generally inseparable from the Pham Van guidance, writing knowledge guidance, theory and other aspects of literary style guidance. The so-called Pham Van guidance is generally combined with writing knowledge to clarify the contents of the ideological and words, words, sentences, articles based knowledge; the so-called writing knowledge guidance, generally inseparable from the conception, material selection, conception, tailoring, seeking layout and so on; Stylistic knowledge guide always to talk, arguments, arguments, arguments and reflections. In order to help students to “develop their ideas,” they summed up the following formula: “Positive discussion, negative discussion, why, how, examples, refutation.” (See “Language Learning”, 1981, No. 2 There is no doubt that these guidelines are all necessary and that we can receive some results. However, it is easy to overlook the important issue of the thesis writing in the process of conducting these guidelines, that is, the basic rules of the thesis writing. If these guidelines are not closely linked with mastering the basic rules of essay writing, its role and effectiveness will be greatly affected.