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近年来,重特大化学灾害事故发生的频率越来越高,所造成的人员伤亡和财产损失越来越大,并有向发展中国家蔓延的趋势。一旦在城市中发生重特大化学灾害事故,其危害将十分巨大。城市化学灾害事故形成的原因主要有四个方面:一是城市扩张,包围化工生产企业;二是各种易燃易爆化学品的用量剧增;三是危险化学品的大型运输;四是犯罪、恐怖主义活动和战争。预防城市化学灾害事故的主要方法是调整危险化学品的产业布局,严格其运输和安全生产管理,加强对危险化学品知识的宣传力度。要做好城市危险化学品事故的处置工作,应将其纳入城市紧急事务管理体系,通过城市紧急事务管理体系建设,提高处置各类重特大突发事件的处置能力。
In recent years, the frequency of serious and serious chemical disasters has been increasing, resulting in increasing casualties and property losses and a tendency to spread to developing countries. In the event of a major chemical disaster in a city, the damage will be enormous. There are four main reasons for the formation of urban chemical disaster: First, urban expansion, surrounded by chemical manufacturers; Second, the sharp increase in the amount of various flammable and explosive chemicals; Third, large-scale transport of dangerous chemicals; Fourth, the crime , Terrorist activities and war. The main methods to prevent chemical disasters in urban areas are to adjust the industrial layout of hazardous chemicals, strictly regulate their transportation and production safety, and step up publicity on the knowledge of hazardous chemicals. To handle the disposal of urban accidental hazardous chemicals, it should be incorporated into the urban emergency management system and the disposal capability of handling all kinds of major and unexpected incidents should be enhanced through the construction of urban emergency management system.