本文通过对几个海上货物运输公约及《中华人民共和国海商法》相关条款的理解,分析海上运输合同、买卖合同以及付款方式,进而指出在《鹿特丹规则》下FOB卖方的地位。与此同时,本文提出了出口商应如何处理买卖合同与海上运输合同的关系,如何处理提单签发问题,如何减少风险,维护自己的权益。 This article analyzes the maritime transport contracts, sales and purchase contracts and payment methods through the understanding of several maritime goods conventions and the relevant provisions of the “Maritime Law of the People’s Republic of China”, and then points out the status of FOB Sellers under the Rotterdam Rules. At the same time, this paper proposes how exporters should deal with the relationship between the contract of sale and the contract of carriage by sea, how to deal with the issue of bill of lading issue, how to reduce the risk and safeguard their rights and interests.