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目的描述和分析2010-2014年北京市朝阳区手足口病流行特征,探索手足口病的防控重点。方法利用“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”数据库,利用Excel 2013进行数据整理录入,运用SPSS 22.0进行统计分析。统计2010-2014年北京市朝阳区手足口病各月发病数,不同年龄组及不同地区发病率,采用系统聚类方法分别对其进行统计分析。结果2010-2014年北京市朝阳区共报告手足口病29 622例,5年平均发病率为167.8/10万。不同月份发病数、不同年龄组及不同地区的发病率均聚集成3类。北京市朝阳区手足口病发病具有明显的高发时间、高发人群和高发地区;每年5-7月为发病高峰,发病率最高年龄段为1~3岁,城乡结合部为高发地区。结论北京市朝阳区手足口病流行具有明显的季节性、人群性和地区性;应针对流行特点采取防控措施;聚类分析可以作为判定手足口病流行特征的一种统计方法。
Objective To describe and analyze the epidemic characteristics of HFMD in Chaoyang District of Beijing during 2010-2014 and explore the key points of prevention and control of HFMD. Methods Using the database of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, the data were collected and sorted by using Excel 2013, and SPSS 22.0 was used for statistical analysis. Statistics 2010-2014 incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease in Beijing Chaoyang District, the incidence of different age groups and different regions, using systematic clustering methods for statistical analysis. Results A total of 29 622 hand-foot-mouth disease cases were reported in Chaoyang District, Beijing from 2010 to 2014, with a 5-year average incidence rate of 167.8 / 100 000. The incidence of disease in different months, different age groups and different regions are clustered into three categories. Hand-foot-mouth disease in Chaoyang District of Beijing has obvious high incidence of time, high incidence of population and high incidence areas; annual peak incidence from May to July, the highest incidence of 1 to 3 years of age, urban-rural areas with high incidence. Conclusions The prevalence of HFMD in Chaoyang District of Beijing Municipality is obviously seasonal, crowd-oriented and regional. Prevention and control measures should be taken according to epidemic characteristics. Cluster analysis can be used as a statistical method to determine the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD.