由于近海油气田的开发,二十年来海上钻采平台的数量迅速增加。到1982年,全世界各海域已有2000余个平台在工作着。随着油气采区向深海转移,平台的深度也是逐年增加的,图1可表示这种趋势。海上平台是由水面的甲板或称上层建筑、 Due to the development of offshore oil and gas fields, the number of offshore drilling platforms has rapidly increased over the past two decades. By 1982, more than 2,000 platforms were in operation in various maritime areas around the world. With the transfer of oil and gas areas to the deep sea, the depth of the platform is also increasing year by year. Figure 1 shows this trend. Offshore platform is the surface of the deck or superstructure,