法院对被告溯及性地课加新的法律责任,是可以与正义和法治相兼容的。但其实法官并不需要区分,他是在课加一个新的责任,还是在执行争议事件发生时被告本就已有的一个责任。通过询问下述问题就可区分这二者:在判决之前,法律系统的各种制度已经将哪种法院判决理由委托给了法院去以此为根据采取行动?本文通过评价H.L.A.哈特和罗纳德·德沃金的最后一次论战解释了这些结论。 The court’s legal responsibility to retrospectively defendants can be compatible with justice and the rule of law. Judges, in fact, do not need to be distinguished. He adds a new responsibility to the lesson or is already the responsibility of the defendant in the execution of the dispute. The two can be distinguished by asking the question: What kinds of court rulings have been commissioned by the various systems of the legal system before the ruling to act on the basis of the ruling? By evaluating HLA Hart and Rhone The last controversy of Dworkin explains these conclusions.