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甲状腺结节是临床常见的甲状腺疾病，常规二维甲状腺超声检查约50％的受检者可以发现甲状腺结节，其中约9．2％～14．8％细针穿刺结果为恶性，而临床确诊的甲状腺结节中约5％为恶性。研究表明，常规超声在评价甲状腺结节时有一定的主观性，病变特性在观察者之间无显著的一致性，其对结节的良恶性鉴别诊断率则更低，约29.0％～59．2％，且甲状腺微小结节更容易漏诊。超声弹性成像是近年来医学超声领域的一种新的具体而客观的技术方法，其能够提供组织弹性这一基本力学属性，是对常规超声进行甲状腺结节良恶性进行鉴别的一种很好的补充，可提高鉴别诊断甲状腺良恶性结节的敏感性、特异度和准确性。超声弹性成像主要有弹性评分法和弹性应变率比值法，弹性评分法已广泛应用于临床，弹性应变率比值作为超声弹性成像量化参数，其相关应用报道目前尚不多见，本文就弹性应变率在鉴别甲状腺结节良恶性中的应用进行综述。“,”Thyroid nodule is a type of common thyroid diseases .In conventional two-dimensional ultrasonic diagnosis , nearly 50% of the patients are found with thyroid nodules[1] .About 9 .2% to 14 .8% of them show malignant in fine nee-dle biopsy (FNB)[2] ,and about 5% of them are finally confirmed malignant after clinical diagnosis[3] .Studies have shown that conventional ultrasonography is somewhat subjective in differential diagnosis of thyroid nodular diseases .Thus there is no significant concordance on the lesion features among different observers [4] .Besides ,the diagnostic specificity of con-ventional ultrasonography in differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules is quite low ,only about 29 .0% to 59 .2% [5] ,and it is prone to miss small thyroid nodule in diagnosis .Ultrasound elastography is a new technology in recent years and a good complement to conventional ultrasound ,which introduces a basic mechanical property ,tissue elasticity ,to improve the sensitivity ,specificity and accuracy of the diagnosis on differencing benign and malignant thyroid nodules [6] .Ultrasound elastography mainly includes two methods :elasticity score and strain ratio .Elasticity score has been widely used in clinical practice ,while ,the application of strain ratio ,the important quantization parameter in elastography ,is still rarely repor-ted .This literature review is a summarized study on the value of strain ratio in differential diagnosis of benign and malig-nant thyroid nodules .