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作为经济伦理的重要范畴,机会平等问题一直格外受到经济学和伦理学研究者的关注。不同的学者基于自身对于机会和公平的独特理解,提出了各种机会平等理论及其操作原则、方式,但这些理论仍然或多或少具有自身的局限和问题。本文将在选择性地分析一些典型的机会平等理论的基础上,揭示并论证下述结论,即只有进一步追寻机会背后的复杂因素,依其确立复杂的分配标准来分配社会资源,尽量消除或减小外在偶然因素的差异,才能不仅确认机会平等的原则,而且最终确保实质性的机会平等。
As an important category of economic ethics, equality of opportunity has always been the focus of economists and ethics researchers. Based on their own unique understanding of opportunity and fairness, different scholars have put forward various theories and methods of equality of opportunity, but these theories still have their own limitations and problems more or less. Based on the selective analysis of some typical theory of equality of opportunity, this article will reveal and prove the conclusion that only by further searching for the complicated factors behind the opportunity, allocating social resources according to the complicated distribution standard and trying to eliminate or reduce Small differences in external contingencies make it possible not only to recognize the principle of equal opportunity but also ultimately to ensure substantive equality of opportunity.