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目的研究五氯酚钠(Na PCP)的发育毒性和遗传毒性,为保护生态环境和人类健康提供依据。方法采用斑马鱼胚胎发育试验、斑马鱼卵p53基因诱变性试验、蚕豆根尖细胞微核试验和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验研究Na PCP的发育毒性和遗传毒性。结果 Na PCP对斑马鱼卵的96 h半数致死浓度(LC50)为3.81μL/L;斑马鱼胚胎发育试验结果显示,在0.5~2.5μL/L范围内,随着Na PCP浓度增加,斑马鱼胚胎畸变率和死亡率上升,胚胎孵化率下降,Na PCP诱发的胚胎畸变类型主要为脊椎弯曲、心包囊肿和骨骼畸形等;斑马鱼卵p53基因诱变性试验结果显示,在0.4μL/L Na PCP中连续暴露24 h后,斑马鱼p53基因的第49、87和158位密码子分别发生AAT→AAG、ACA→ACG和GCG→GCA突变,导致p53蛋白发生Asn→Lys变异;细胞微核试验结果显示,Na PCP对蚕豆根尖细胞具有致微核性,其0.20 mg/L和1.00 mg/L剂量组微核率分别为(7.0±2.2)‰和(10.3±5.2)‰,均高于阴性对照组的(1.8±1.4)‰(P<0.01);鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验结果为阴性。结论 Na PCP是一种遗传毒性物质,可导致染色体畸变和基因点突变,对胚胎和生殖细胞有致畸和致突变作用。
Objective To study the developmental toxicity and genotoxicity of sodium pentachlorophenate (Na PCP) and provide basis for protecting the ecological environment and human health. Methods Developmental zebrafish embryo development test, zebrafish egg p53 gene mutagenicity test, Vicia faba root tip cell micronucleus test and Salmonella typhimurium reversion mutation test were used to study the developmental toxicity and genotoxicity of Na PCP. Results The 96 h LC50 of Na PCP to zebrafish eggs was 3.81 μL / L. The results of zebrafish embryo development showed that in the range of 0.5-2.5 μL / L, the zebrafish embryos The rate of embryo mutation and mortality increased, the rate of embryo hatching decreased. The main types of embryo aberrations induced by Na PCP were spina bifida, pericardial cyst and skeletal deformity. The mutagenicity of p53 gene in zebrafish eggs showed that at 0.4 μL / L Na PCP After continuous exposure for 24 h, mutations of AAT → AAG, ACA → ACG and GCG → GCA were found in codons 49, 87 and 158 of p53 gene of zebrafish respectively, resulting in Asn → Lys mutation of p53 protein. Micronucleus test results The results showed that Na PCP had micronuclei on Vicia faba root tip cells. The micronucleus rates of 0.20 mg / L and 1.00 mg / L were (7.0 ± 2.2) ‰ and (10.3 ± 5.2) ‰, respectively, (1.8 ± 1.4) ‰ (P <0.01) in the control group. The result of Salmonella typhimurium test was negative. Conclusion Na PCP is a genotoxic substance that causes chromosomal aberrations and point mutations, and teratogenic and mutagenic effects on embryonic and germ cells.