目的　探讨肝细胞性肝癌 (HCC)组织内树突状细胞及淋巴细胞浸润的临床意义。方法　收集 1995年 1月～ 1996年 7月在本院接受肿瘤根治性切除术的 4 4例HCC患者的临床病理资料 ,采用免疫组织化学方法检测HCC组织内树突状细胞浸润的数目 ,同时评估淋巴细胞的浸润情况 ,分析两者与肝癌切除术后肿瘤复发时间及生存率之间的关系。　结果　发现肿瘤组织内树突状细胞数≥ 2 0、同时伴淋巴细胞浸润 (+)者 (A组 ,n =17)术后肿瘤复发时间显著晚于不同时具备上述两项条件者 (B组 ,n =2 7) ,两者复发的中位期分别为 2 1 6个月和 4 1个月 (U值 =10 5 5 ,P =0 0 0 9)。A组术后 1、3、4年生存率分别为 83 5 %、6 1 8%和 4 8 7% ,B组分别为 4 2 2 %、2 8 4 %和 2 3 0 % ,A组均显著高于B组 (Logrank =7 6 8,P =0 0 0 6 )。　结论　HCC组织内树突状细胞及淋巴细胞浸润情况与临床预后密切相关 ,是直接影响预后的独立因素 Objective To investigate the clinical significance of dendritic cells and lymphocyte infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The clinical and pathological data of 44 HCC patients undergoing radical resection of the tumor from January 1995 to July 1996 in our hospital were collected. The number of dendritic cells infiltration in HCC tissues was detected by immunohistochemical method. Meanwhile, Lymphocyte infiltration, analyze the relationship between the two and tumor recurrence time and survival rate after resection of liver cancer. The results showed that the tumor recurrence time was significantly later than that of the two groups (group B, n = 17, group A, n = 17) , n = 27). The median recurrence rates were 216 months and 41 months respectively (U value = 1055, P = 0 0 0 9). The 1, 3, 4-year survival rates of group A were 83.5%, 61.8% and 48.7% respectively in group A, 42.2%, 28.4% and 230.0% in group B, respectively Which was significantly higher than that in group B (Logrank = 7 6 8, P = 0 0 6). Conclusion The infiltration of dendritic cells and lymphocytes in HCC tissues is closely related to clinical prognosis, which is an independent factor that directly affects the prognosis