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目的了解天津市职业性噪声暴露人群健康状况,分析其影响因素,为指导和实施干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用χ~2检验和Logistic回归分析对天津市11 643名职业性噪声暴露人群健康资料及所在288家企业工作场所噪声监测数据进行分析。结果天津市职业性噪声暴露人群高频听力损失检出率33.81%,高血压检出率19.81%,心电图异常检出率12.11%,男性高频听力损失明显高于女性。高噪声暴露组工人高频听力损失检出率、女性工人心电图异常率均高于低暴露组(P<0.05);随噪声接触工龄延长,高频听力损失检出率增加(P<0.05).Logistic回归结果表明,年龄增加、工龄延长和高噪声暴露均为高频听力损失的独立危险因素(OR>1.00,P<0.05);高噪声暴露情况下作业工人高频听力损失率增加42.00%(男性)和29.00%(女性),工龄每增加5年作业工人听力损失率增加23.00%(男性)和147.00%(女)。此外,高噪声暴露可增加男性高血压和女性心电图异常的发病风险(OR>1.00,P<0.05)。结论天津市职业性噪声暴露人群高频听力损失较为严重,高噪声暴露是高频听力损失、男性高血压发病和女性心电图异常的危险因素,应当引起重视,采取积极措施,预防疾病的发生。
Objective To understand the health status of occupational noise exposure population in Tianjin, analyze its influencing factors and provide a scientific basis for guiding and implementing intervention measures. Methods Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the health data of 11 643 workers exposed to occupational noise in Tianjin and the workplace noise monitoring data of 288 enterprises. Results The frequency of hearing loss was 33.81%, the rate of hypertension was 19.81%, and the rate of abnormal electrocardiogram was 12.11%. The frequency of hearing loss was significantly higher in male than in women. The detection rate of high frequency hearing loss and the abnormal rate of electrocardiogram in female workers were higher than those in low exposure groups (P <0.05). The detection rate of high frequency hearing loss increased with the prolonged exposure to noise (P <0.05). Logistic regression results showed that age, prolonged service life and high noise exposure were independent risk factors of high-frequency hearing loss (OR> 1.00, P <0.05); high-frequency hearing loss workers exposed to high frequency hearing loss increased by 42.00% Males) and 29.00% (females) respectively. The hearing loss rate of working workers increased by 23.00% (male) and 147.00% (female) for every 5 years of service. In addition, high-noise exposure increased the risk of developing hypertension and abnormal ECG in women (OR> 1.00, P <0.05). Conclusions High frequency hearing loss is more serious in occupational noise exposure population in Tianjin. High noise exposure is a risk factor for high frequency hearing loss, male hypertension and female ECG abnormality. It should pay attention to take positive measures to prevent the occurrence of disease.