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20世纪以前的传统理性主义代表着一种以乐观主义为基调的历史观.它相信人性至善,理性万能,相信人类历史永远向上,相信进步会呈现为一个线性上升的过程.20世纪人类历史的复杂内涵和曲折进程则使越来越多的思想家超越和扬弃了这种盲目的乐观主义历史观.因为现实的历史呈现为两歧的进程,呈现为进步与倒退、异化与扬弃异化相互交织的非线性进程.同时,现代人也陷入了自我分裂的两难境地:一方面,随着工业文明的发展,科学技术的进步和人际交往普遍加强,个体的主体意识和历史创造性不断增强,但同
The traditional rationalism before the twentieth century represented a kind of historical view based on optimism, which believed that human nature perfection and rational universalism believed that human history should always be upward and believed that progress would appear as a process of linear increase. Human history in the 20th century The complicated connotation and meandering process make more and more thinkers surpass and abandon this blind optimistic view of history.As the history of reality presents as the process of two divergences and appears as progress and retrogression, the alienation and sublation of alienation are intertwined At the same time, the modern people are also caught in the dilemma of self-division: on the one hand, with the development of industrial civilization, progress in science and technology and interpersonal interaction are generally strengthened, and the subject’s consciousness and historical creativity are constantly enhanced,