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为了探讨传统水氮管理和优化水氮管理对冬小麦产量的影响,于1999～2000年在中国农业大学中德合作项目北京试验基地进行了包括灌溉、氮肥和秸秆3因素共18个处理组合的田间试验。传统水氮管理尽量模仿当地农民的生产实际,优化水氮管理以冬小麦生长发育的需要为原则,结合土壤水分和土壤养分的实测值来具体确定。结果表明,优化灌溉在节水11 mm的情况下,小麦产量与传统灌溉无显著性差异;优化施氮与传统施氮相比,氮肥用量降低了75％,但产量并不降低;秸秆还田与秸秆不还田相比,冬小麦产量无明显变化。上述结果表明,在保持产量不降低的前提下,华北平原小麦生产中节水的空间相对较小,而节肥(指氮肥)的空间相对较大,优化施氮管理值得大力推广。
In order to explore the effect of traditional water and nitrogen management and optimization of water and nitrogen management on the yield of winter wheat, field experiments including 18 combinations of irrigation, nitrogen fertilizer and straw were conducted in Beijing Experimental Base of Sino-German cooperation project of China Agricultural University from 1999 to 2000 test. The traditional water and nitrogen management try to imitate the actual production of local farmers, optimizing the management of water and nitrogen needs of winter wheat growth and development as the principle, combined with the measured values of soil moisture and soil nutrients to determine. The results showed that there was no significant difference between wheat yield and conventional irrigation when water saving was 11 mm in optimized irrigation. Compared with traditional nitrogen application, nitrogen application decreased by 75%, but the yield did not decrease. Compared with the non-return straw, winter wheat yield no significant change. The above results show that under the premise of not reducing the yield, the space for saving water in the wheat production in the North China Plain is relatively small while the space for saving fertilizer (referring to nitrogenous fertilizer) is relatively large, and the management of nitrogen application is worth promoting.