在某些情况下,政治家不得不为实现公共目的而采用不道德的手段。这突出反映为政治领域的脏手行为,它是道德上的两难困境的集中表现。应当承认,政治家时常要把手弄脏,而这样做是有必要的。但是在功利主义的算计与道德愧疚感之间,我们似乎需要寻找某种微妙的平衡。马基雅维里、韦伯和加缪分别代表了解释脏手问题的三种不同传统,这三种传统均有一定的合理性与不足之处。 In some cases, politicians have to resort to unethical means to achieve public ends. This is highlighted as the dirty hand in the political arena, which is a concentrated manifestation of the moral dilemma. It should be acknowledged that politicians often need to dirty their hands, and this is necessary. But between utilitarian calculations and moral guilt, we seem to need to look for some delicate balance. Machiavelli, Weber, and Camus each represent three different traditions of explaining dirty hands, all of which have some legitimacy and shortcomings.