华阳川铀多金属矿位于华北板块南缘小秦岭构造带的西段,是一个以U、Nb、Pb为主并伴生有稀有稀土元素的可综合利用的超大型矿床。矿体主要赋存于太古代TTG片麻岩套中(武家坪黑云斜长片麻岩和大月坪花岗片麻岩)。矿化与伟晶岩脉、火成碳酸岩脉和碳酸盐脉紧密共生。伟晶岩脉主要由微斜长石、石英以及黑云母、角闪石、褐帘石、榍石和独居石组成。火成碳酸岩脉主要由方解石、石英、重晶石、霓辉石、钠闪石、黑云母和磷灰石等组成。碳酸盐脉主要由方解石、石英、重晶石和沸石等组成。根据脉体穿插关系和矿物组合特征,矿化可分为伟晶岩阶段、早期碳酸岩阶段和晚期碳酸盐化阶段,伟晶岩阶段和早期碳酸岩阶段以铀铌矿化为主,晚期碳酸盐化阶段则以铅矿化为主。铀矿物以铌钛铀矿为主,晶质铀矿次之;铌矿物以铌钛铀矿为主,褐钇铌矿次之;铅矿物以方铅矿为主,白铅矿次之。此外,U、Nb还以类质同像或吸附的形式赋存于褐帘石、独居石和磷灰石等富集稀土元素的矿物中。根据含矿主岩、矿石矿物以及成矿元素组合特征,认为华阳川矿床不同于世界上其他类型的铀矿床,属于与伟晶岩和碳酸岩有关的铀-铌-铅-稀土矿床。 The Huayangchuan uranium polymetallic deposit is located in the western section of the Xiaoqinling structural belt on the southern margin of the North China Plate. It is a very large-scale mineral deposit that is mainly composed of U, Nb and Pb, accompanied by rare earth elements. The ore body mainly occurs in the Archean TTG gneiss (Wujiaping Biotite plagiogneiss and Oval Ping granite gneiss). Mineralization and pegmatite, pyroxene carbonate and carbonate pulse symbiosis. Pegmatite is mainly composed of micro-plagioclase, quartz and biotite, amphibole, brown curtain stone, stone and monazite composition. Carbonatite veins are mainly composed of calcite, quartz, barite, niobite, sodium amphibole, biotite and apatite. Carbonate pulse is mainly composed of calcite, quartz, barite and zeolite. According to the association between vein body and mineral assemblage, mineralization can be divided into the pegmatite stage, the early carbonate stage and the late carbonate stage, while the pegmatite stage and the early carbonate stage are dominated by uranium and niobium mineralization. The late stage Carbonate stage is based on lead mineralization. The uranium minerals are mainly niobium-titanium uranium deposits, followed by crystalline uranium deposits; the niobium minerals are mainly niobium-titanium uranium deposits, followed by the brown yttrium-niobium ore; the lead minerals are mainly galena and the second is lead dioxide ore. In addition, U, Nb also occurs in the form of isomorphism or adsorption in rare earth elements rich in minerals such as polydipsone, monazite and apatite. According to the characteristics of ore-bearing host rocks, ore minerals and ore-forming elements, the Huayangchuan deposit is considered to be different from other types of uranium deposits in the world and belongs to uranium-niobium-lead-rare earth deposits related to pegmatites and carbonate rocks.