Background:Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a prolific and high-mortality disease with few effective treatments.Although the detection and surgical techniques for NSCLC continue to advance,the survival rate for the patients with NSCLC remains poor.Enhanced predictive biomarkers such as microRNAs (miRNAs) are needed at the time of diagnosis to better tailor therapies for patients.This study focused on the expression ofmiR-1280 in NSCLC tissues and distal normal tissues in order to explore the association between miR-1280 expression and NSCLC.Methods:A total of 72 newly diagnosed primary NSCLC patients were enrolled in this study.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to identify the expression level ofmiR-1280 in the NSCLC tissues and distal normal tissues of these patients.Results:The miR-1280 expression was significantly higher in the NSCLC tissues (0.084 ± 0.099) than distal normal tissues (0.014 ± 0.015,P =0.009).In 54 patients (75％),the miR-1280 expression in the NSCLC tissues was upregulated (2-△△ct ＞ 2),and no case showed a downregulation of miR-1280 expression.Conclusions:The expression level ofmiR-1280 could be regarded as a biomarker for NSCLC.