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文章利用2004与2010年两次西部调查数据,分析了转型期不同民族间的职业地位分层及其决定因素。从职业地位分布的角度看,各民族人口的职业地位总体上呈逐年提升趋势。相对而言,由于历史原因汉族人口的职业地位仍保持一定优势,但与少数民族差距不大,且有缩小之势。从职业地位获得的角度看,党政机关和事业单位的职业获得主要取决于人力资本,回族和汉族机会均等;回族在个体经营中具有相对优势;国有、私营企业的职业获得,汉族略有优势。从2004~2010年的变化趋势看,族际净差异趋于消弭,职业分层的决定因素越来越取决于人力资本、户籍等非民族性因素。
By using the data from two western surveys in 2004 and 2010, the article analyzes the stratification and determinants of occupational status among different ethnic groups in the transition period. From the perspective of the distribution of occupational status, the occupational status of all ethnic groups has been on the rise year by year. Relatively speaking, due to historical reasons, the occupational status of the Han population still maintains a certain degree of superiority. However, there is not much difference between ethnic minorities and the number of ethnic minorities. From the point of view of occupational status, occupational acquisition of party and government organs and public institutions depends mainly on human capital, equal opportunity for Hui and Han nationality; Hui has comparative advantage in self-employed management; occupation of state-owned and private enterprises has a slight advantage over Han nationality . From the perspective of the change trend from 2004 to 2010, the net inter-ethnic differences tend to be eliminated. The determinants of occupational stratification depend more and more on non-ethnic factors such as human capital and household registration.