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1.引言从概念上,真空是最好的电压绝缘体,它只受电极表面发射限制,可加10~7伏/厘米。实际上,所加电压值低于这数量级,近来高功率雷达、高能粒子加速器以及空间探索的发展和不断增长的要求,已经提高了真空绝缘的重要性。它最重要的应用包括: (1)高功率高压真空管 (2)加速器管子 (3) X-射线和场发射管 (4)电子显微镜 (5)高品质因素电容器 (6)断路器 (7)静电粒子分离器
1. INTRODUCTION Conceptually, a vacuum is the best voltage insulator. It is limited only by the surface emission of the electrode. It can add 10-7V / cm. In fact, with voltages below this magnitude, the recent development and growing demands for high power radars, high energy particle accelerators and space exploration have increased the importance of vacuum insulation. Its most important applications include: (1) High Power High Pressure Vacuum Tubes (2) Accelerators Pipes (3) X-Ray and Field Emission Tubes (4) Electron Microscopy High Quality Capacitors (6) Circuit Breakers (7) Electrostatic Particle separator