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【目的】研究不同生态区甘蓝型油菜含油量的杂种优势及配合力,为甘蓝型油菜的高含油量育种提供参考。【方法】以6个含油量不同、遗传差距较大的高含油量甘蓝型油菜为亲本,按照Griffing完全双列杂交模式Ⅰ配制36个试验组合(正反交+亲本),在大荔冬油菜区和张掖春油菜区2个试验点进行随机区组试验,对F1代油菜籽含油量的杂种优势及配合力进行分析,并分析环境效应。【结果】在2个不同生态区仅有少数组合表现出正向超亲优势,在张掖春油菜区正向中亲优势组合比例为80.00%,含油量的杂种优势在不同生态区的表现有差异,但出现杂种优势的组合具有较高的一致性;不同环境下甘蓝型油菜含油量的广义遗传力均大于90%,狭义遗传力均接近80%;各亲本含油量一般配合力和特殊配合力均存在极显著差异,配合力虽受环境影响,但在不同环境下的表现趋势总体上一致;在张掖春油菜区,含油量正反交效应达极显著水平,而在大荔冬油菜区正反交效应并不显著。【结论】甘蓝型油菜含油量的遗传主要受加性基因控制,同时受非加性效应的影响;高含油量杂交油菜育种应以一般配合力较高的亲本为主;为春油菜区配制杂交种还需考虑组合的正反交差异。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to study the heterosis and combining ability of oil content of Brassica napus in different ecotypes and to provide references for high oil content breeding of Brassica napus. 【Method】 Six high oil content Brassica napus with different oil content and large genetic difference were used as parents to prepare 36 experimental combinations (reciprocal cross + parents) according to Griffing complete double inbreeding pattern Ⅰ. District and Zhangye spring rapeseed area two randomized block test, F1 generation rapeseed oil heterosis and combining ability to analyze and analyze the environmental effects. 【Result】 Only a few combinations showed positive super-heterosis in two different ecoregions. The proportion of positive pro-dominant combinations in rapeseed area of Zhangye spring was 80.00%, and the heterosis of oil content in different ecoregions was different , But the combinations with heterosis showed high consistency. The general heritability of oil content in Brassica napus was greater than 90% and the narrow heritability was close to 80% in different environments. The general combining ability and special combining ability Although the combining ability was affected by the environment, the trend of combining ability in different environments was generally the same. In Zhangyechun rapeseed area, the positive and negative cross-fertilization effects of oil content reached extremely significant level. However, Anti-cross effect is not significant. 【Conclusion】 The inheritance of oil content in Brassica napus is mainly controlled by additive gene and influenced by non-additive effect. Breeding of high oil content rapeseed should be dominated by parents with higher general combining ability. Also need to consider the combination of positive and negative differences.