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目的研究恶性肿瘤在银川市居民人群中的分布及其影响因素,探索病因,制订相应的防治措施,并对这些措施加以评价。方法采用疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类ICD-10进行编码分类,对2012年银川市居民恶性肿瘤死亡状况进行分析。结果恶性肿瘤居2012年银川市居民全死亡原因的第2位。2012年处于恶性肿瘤死亡原因前5位的分别是肺癌,胃癌,肝癌,结肠、直肠和肛门癌,食管癌,占恶性肿瘤的89.88%。男女死亡性别比为1.64∶1,差异有统计学意义(χ2=69.777,P=0.000)。40~岁中老年年龄段人群恶性肿瘤死亡病例较多,占全部恶性肿瘤死亡总例数的94.82%,随着年龄的增长死亡率递增。银川市辖区(兴庆区、西夏区、金凤区)死亡率低于农村人口较多的县(永宁县、贺兰县和灵武市)。结论恶性肿瘤的防治已成为当前最重要的公共卫生问题之一,应采取有效措施降低恶性肿瘤发病率和死亡率,提高治愈率、生存率和生存质量。
Objective To study the distribution and influential factors of malignant tumors in residents in Yinchuan, explore the etiology, formulate the corresponding prevention and treatment measures, and evaluate these measures. Methods ICD-10, the international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, was used to classify and analyze the death status of malignant tumors in 2012 in Yinchuan. Results of malignant tumors in 2012 in Yinchuan City, the second cause of death of all residents. The top 5 causes of death from cancer in 2012 were lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, colon, rectal and anal cancer, esophageal cancer, accounting for 89.88% of all malignant tumors. The sex ratio at death for both men and women was 1.64: 1, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 69.777, P = 0.000). There were more deaths of malignant tumors in 40 ~ middle-aged and older age groups, accounting for 94.82% of the total number of all malignant tumor deaths, with an increasing mortality rate with age. Yinchuan City (Xingqing District, Xixia District, Jinfeng District) mortality rate is lower than the rural population of more counties (Yongning County, Helan County and Lingwu City). Conclusion Prevention and treatment of malignant tumors has become one of the most important public health problems. Effective measures should be taken to reduce the incidence and mortality of malignant tumors and improve the cure rate, survival rate and quality of life.