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目的：探讨单侧后牙正锁牙合患者髁突形态的对称性。方法选择2008至2013年解放军第四六三医院收治的单侧后牙正锁牙合患者30例作为试验组，骨性安氏Ⅰ类错牙合畸形患者30例作为对照组。两组矫治前均拍摄全颌曲面断层片，测量髁突高度（CH）、升支高度（RH）以及（CH+RH），计算CH、RH以及（CH+RH）的不对称指数。应用单因素方差分析和配对t检验对数据进行统计学分析。结果试验组CH及（CH+RH）的不对称指数，与对照组相比差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。此外，锁牙合侧CH、RH及（CH+RH）均大于非锁牙合侧，且两者差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论单侧后牙正锁牙合患者的髁突形态具有不对称性。“,”Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate whether asymmetry of condyle morphology or not in unilateral posterior buccal crossbite patients. Methods 30 cases of patients of unilateral posterior buccal crossbite and thirty patients of skeletal Class Ⅰ malocclusions were selected from the Department of Stomatology,463 Hospital of PLA from 2008 to 2013. Pretreatment panoramic radiographs were used to measure the condylar height,ramal heigh and condylar plus ramal height. Condylar,ramal,and total (condylar plus ramal) asymmetry indexes were calculated for all subjects. Data were analyzed statistically with univariate ANOVA (analysis of variance) and Paired T test. Results Condylar and total (condylar plus ramal) asymmetry indexes were higher in the unilateral posterior buccal crossbite group than in the control group, these differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In addition, condylar heights, ramal heights and condylar-plus-ramal heights on the buccal crossbite side were longer than those on the non-buccal crossbite side, these differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Patients with unilateral posterior buccal crossbite have asymmetrical condyles.