本文的主要结论可概括为 :第一 ,在总体上形成一种企业进退自由的氛围。目前 ,尤其是要尽快制定降低企业退出壁垒的具体实施措施。第二 ,政府应根据不同产业的特点设置不同的进入退出壁垒 ,引导产业组织的合理化。第三 ,政府的产业组织政策引导的方向必须与市场信号引导的企业利益相一致才会得到企业的认同和自觉执行 The main conclusions of this paper can be summarized as follows: First, as a whole, form an atmosphere of freedom of business advance and retreat. At present, in particular, concrete measures for reducing exit barriers for enterprises should be formulated as soon as possible. Second, the government should set different barriers to entry and exit according to the characteristics of different industries and guide the rationalization of industrial organizations. Thirdly, the guiding direction of the government’s industrial organization policies must be consistent with that of the enterprises guided by the market signals, which will be recognized and implemented consciously by the enterprises