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糖尿病的人类学文献主要针对2型患者,缺少对1型患者的深入讨论。本文通过1型患者(及其家属)的病痛叙述,考察了他们的患病经历,旨在将病人承受苦难的生物性与社会性连接起来,以实现对苦难的深度理解以及对患病意义的洞察。当一种被文化认同的“老人病”发生在儿童和青少年身上时,它发生的“不合时宜”所带来的身体苦难不言而喻,使病人遭难的还有附着在生物性苦难之上的其他社会性压力,疾病限制了人们的饮食、社会交往与工作选择,改变了他们的婚姻观念,增加了女性患者的孕育风险,甚至让他们遭到歧视,感觉丢脸。患者遭遇如此的苦难,反应的不仅是疾病本身,同时也是社会性力量对人类体验造成的伤害。本文同时对慢性病人类学研究的三条可能路径进行了比较分析。
The anthropological literature on diabetes focuses on type 2 patients and lacks an in-depth discussion of type 1 patients. This article describes the pain and suffering of type 1 patients (and their relatives) and examines their experiences of illness in order to link the biological and social aspects of the patient’s suffering in order to achieve a deep understanding of the suffering and the implications for the diseased Insight. When a culturally recognized “senile disease” occurs in children and adolescents, it is self-evident that physical suffering caused by “out-of-dateness” is self-evident, leaving the patient distressed with biological Other social pressures over suffering, which limit people’s diet, social interaction and job choices, change their perceptions of marriage, increase the risk of female patients being pregnant, and even discourage them from being discriminated against. Patients experience such suffering, the response is not only the disease itself, but also the social forces on the human experience caused damage. In the meantime, three possible pathways of anthropological research on chronic diseases are comparatively analyzed.