膀胱癌是最常见的泌尿系统恶性肿瘤,绝大多数来自移行上皮,这其中大约有70%为表浅非浸润性肿瘤,手术治疗效果良好,但治疗后易复发,其中20%~30%复发后伴有恶性程度增加,在初发即为浸润癌或复发后进展为浸润癌的患者中,50%于2年内发生远处转移,60%在首次治疗后5年内死亡[1]。膀胱 Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary system, the vast majority from the transitional epithelium, of which about 70% of superficial non-invasive tumors, surgical treatment is good, but easy to relapse after treatment, of which 20% to 30% of recurrence Followed by an increase in the degree of malignancy. Of those who have had invasive or cancerous disease after initial relapse, 50% have distant metastases within 2 years and 60% have died within 5 years of initial treatment [1]. bladder