超高灵敏度磁场测量具有重要的科学和经济意义。利用原子自旋效应进行物理量的精密测量已成为近年来实验物理领域的一种重要手段，其中无自旋交换弛豫（SERF）原子磁强计因其具备的超高灵敏度而备受关注。碱金属气室是SERF原子磁强计的灵敏核心，原子源种类决定了其测量灵敏度的极限。将SERF原子磁强计的研究成果按照碱金属原子源分类总结，分析其研究方法，综述其研究进展以及在实际应用中所取得的突破，对SERF原子磁强计有待进一步拓展的方向和所面临的挑战进行展望，对该领域未来的研究有重要的参考意义与实用价值。“,”Ultra-high sensitivity magnetic field measurement is of great scientific and economic significance. Precision measurement of physical quantities using atomic spin effect has become an important means in the field of experimental physics in recent years, among which spin-exchange relaxation free（SERF）atomic magnetometer has attracted much attention because of its ultra-high sensitivity. The alkali metal cell is the sensitive core of SERF atomic magnetometer, and the type of atomic source determines the limit of sensitivity. This paper summarized research results of the SERF atomic magnetometer in accordance with the alkali metal atoms source classification summary, analysis of the research methods, the research progress and the breakthrough obtained in practical application, the development requirement and challenges of SERF atomic magnetometer.