本文认为 ,事实不是感觉和知觉 ,不是断定和陈述 ,不是理论原理和知识。事实是客观存在的事物及其运动、发展、变化、变动以及相互关系和相互作用的全部情况和过程。本文认为 ,命题不是事实的形象 ,而是反映事实的形式 ,它不能使事实具有主观性 ,也不能同事实构成统一的有机体和混合物 ,更不能成为决定事实性质、为事实所依赖的东西。本文指出 ,证据并不是命题 ,认为把命题看作证据是形式证据观 ,把事实本身看作证据是实质证据观 ,主张废弃形式证据观 ,确立实质证据观。本文指出 ,证据也不是证明的论据 ,认为把证据等同于论据 ,就把证据学等同于逻辑学了 ,这样就把证据学一笔抹杀了。本文提出了证明的构成理论 ,指出证明由主体、客体和证明活动这样三大要素构成 ,认为证据不在主体中 ,也不在证明本身 ,证据只能在客体中。本文最后指出 ,与待证事实相关联的一切事实都是证据。 This article argues that fact is not feeling and perception, not assertion and statement, not theory and knowledge. Facts are all things and processes that exist objectively and their movements, development, changes, changes, and interrelations and interactions. This thesis argues that proposition is not a factual image, but a form that reflects fact. It can not make the fact subjective and can not form a unified organism and mixture with the fact, nor can it become the thing that depends on the fact and the fact. This paper points out that evidence is not a proposition, that the proposition as evidence is formal evidence of view, the fact itself as evidence is the concept of substantive evidence, advocated the concept of obsolete evidence, the establishment of substantive evidence. The paper points out that evidence is not proof of argument either. It is argued that equating evidence with argument will equate evidence with logic, thus eradicating evidence. This paper puts forward the constitution theory of the proof, points out that the proof consists of three main elements: the subject, the object and the proof activity, that the evidence is not in the main body, nor the proof itself, but only in the object. Finally, this article points out that all the facts related to the facts to be certified are evidence.