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预防性疫苗以人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)晚期结构蛋白L1、L2诱导引发特异性抗体来抵抗HPV感染,治疗性疫苗通过早期HPV基因编码蛋白的抗原表位来产生免疫反应。研发预防性HPV疫苗是防治宫颈癌的一个重要里程碑,其能对抗特定的致癌性HPV型的最初感染,治疗性疫苗对治疗HPV感染相关的宫颈恶性病变带来了契机,但其安全性及远期疗效仍需深入研究。作者探讨了有关HPV感染与宫颈癌流行病学关系、HPV感染与机体免疫反应等妇科肿瘤学的基本问题,着重对HPV防治性疫苗作用机制、生物学特性及其应用现状等作一阐述。
The prophylactic vaccine induces specific antibodies against human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 and L2 to induce HPV infection. The therapeutic vaccines produce an immune response through epitopes encoded by early HPV genes. The development of a prophylactic HPV vaccine is an important milestone in the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer, which is capable of combating the initial infection with specific oncogenic HPV types, and therapeutic vaccines offer an opportunity to treat cervical malignancies associated with HPV infection but their safety is far behind The efficacy still needs further study. The authors explored the basic issues of gynecologic oncology, such as the relationship between HPV infection and cervical cancer epidemiology, HPV infection and immune response, and focused on the mechanisms, biological characteristics and application status of HPV vaccine.