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目的了解2013年北京市西城区手足口病聚集性疫情流行病学特征,为做好手足口病聚集性疫情防治工作提供科学依据。方法收集2013年西城区手足口病聚集性疫情资料,对三间分布、疫情特点及影响因素进行分析。对病例咽拭子标本进行逆转录聚和酶链的反应(RT-PCR)检测。结果 2013年西城区共报告手足口病聚集性疫情34起,波及7 796人,涉及病例109例,平均罹患率1.40%,重症1例,无死亡病例,其中暴发疫情1起。疫情来源以学校或托幼机构报告为主,占61.76%(21/34);持续时间为1~9 d,中位数3 d,每起平均病例数为3.29例。疫情发生时间以5—8月为主,占82.35%(28/34)。疫情发生单位以托幼机构为主,占76.47%(26/34)。停班时间与疫情持续时间呈正相关(r=0.054,P=0.004)。聚集性疫情主要以柯萨奇肠道病毒A组6型(CV A 6)感染为主。结论该区托幼机构是手足口病聚集性疫情的重点场所,加强全年监测,深入研究病原体,及时上报及采取停课措施,能够很好地控制疫情的发展。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD in Xicheng District of Beijing in 2013 and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of HFMD. Methods The data of aggregated outbreaks of HFMD in Xicheng District in 2013 were collected, and the characteristics of the three epidemics and the influencing factors were analyzed. Samples of throat swabs were subjected to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results In 2013, a total of 34 HFMD outbreaks were reported in Xicheng District, affecting 7 796 people, involving 109 cases, with an average attack rate of 1.40%, 1 severe disease and no deaths. Among them, 1 outbreak was reported. The source of the outbreak was reported mainly by schools or nurseries, accounting for 61.76% (21/34). The duration of the outbreak was from 1 to 9 days with a median of 3 days, with an average of 3.29 cases per case. The outbreak occurred in May-August, accounting for 82.35% (28/34). The unit of epidemic situation was nursery and childbirth, accounting for 76.47% (26/34). The stop time was positively correlated with the duration of the outbreak (r = 0.054, P = 0.004). Aggregative outbreaks were predominantly Coxsackie A, type 6 (CV A 6) infections. Conclusion Kindergartens and nurseries in this area are the key sites for the aggregated outbreaks of hand-foot-mouth disease. Strengthening annual surveillance, in-depth study on pathogens, timely reporting and taking the suspension measures can well control the development of the epidemic.