图腾(totem)一词来源于北美五大湖地区阿尔衮琴人的说法,“ototeman”意为“他是我的一个亲戚”,“亲戚”指命名某一氏族的动物物种。严复1903年翻译甄克思的《社会通诠》时首次将“totem”一词译成“图腾”。关于图腾定义及其制度,在西方存在着很大争议,早在1910年甘奈普(Van Gennep)在《图腾问题的现状》中就整理出41种不同的图腾制度的理论。摩尔根《古代社会》、洛维《原始 The term totem comes from the aristocrats in the Great Lakes region of North America. “Ototeman” means “he is one of my relatives.” “Relatives” refers to animal species that name a particular clan. For the first time, Yan Fu translated “Totem” into “Totem” when he translated the “Social Interpretation” of Zhen Ke Si in 1903. As to the definition of totem and its system, there is much controversy in the West. As early as 1910, Van Gennep sorted out 41 different theories of totemism in the “Current Situation of the Totem”. Morgan “ancient society”, Lowe "primitive