以松散承压含水层水下采煤为例,通过研制的新型流固耦合相似材料和突涌水物理模拟试验系统真实再现采区突涌水的灾变演化过程,采用光纤光栅技术、声发射技术和电阻率层析成像技术,全程捕捉隔水层围岩应力场、位移场、渗流场、温度场、电场和声发射信息的变化特征及其异常信号,研究突水前兆多元信息的演化规律及其临突特征。采用可考虑多场耦合效应的数值分析方法,研究突水灾变演化过程中应力场、位移场和渗流场的耦合演化规律,分析突水前兆多物理场信息的响应特征。试验和数值分析结果表明:在隔水层破断突水前,围岩应力变化持续增长后发生回跌,但已濒临突水。围岩位移变化持续增长后发生跳跃,在跳跃前出现孕育突水前兆的稳定突升段。围岩渗透压力变化持续降低后发生急剧跌落,在突水前很长时间里出现孕育突水前兆的异常波动段。围岩视电阻率和声发射能量也在突水前产生明显的突升和激增现象,尤其是视电阻率突升段的增长点出现在突水前较长的时间段。通过对多场信息变化规律的内在联系及其对突水预测的有效性分析,发现隔水层的渗透压力、视电阻率以及位移变化信息在突水前具有明显的前兆特征,是松散含水层开采突水灾害预警和监测的重要前兆信息源。研究结果有助于加深对煤矿突水灾变演化过程的认识,为突水前兆信息演化规律及实时监测理论的建立提供科学依据。 Taking submarine coal mining under unconsolidated confined aquifer as an example, this paper realizes the catastrophic evolution process of water inrush from mining area by using the new fluid-solid coupling similar material and the inrush water physical simulation test system. The fiber grating technology, acoustic emission technology and resistance Rate tomography technique to capture the variation characteristics and abnormal signals of stress field, displacement field, seepage field, temperature field, electric field and acoustic emission information of the surrounding rock of the aqueduct, and to study the evolvement rule of multivariate information of water inrush precursors Outburst features. The numerical analysis method which can consider the coupling of multiple fields is used to study the coupling and evolution of stress field, displacement field and seepage field in the process of water inrush disaster evolution, and to analyze the response characteristics of multiphysics information in water inrush precursor. The results of the test and numerical analysis show that before the aquitard breaks the water inrush, the stress changes of the surrounding rock fall back after the continuous increase, but it is on the verge of water inrush. Surrounding rock displacement changes continue to increase after the jump occurred before jumping in the sudden emergence of water inrush precursors of the steady rise. The change of osmotic pressure of surrounding rock continued to drop sharply and dropped sharply. Before the water inrush, the abnormal fluctuating segment of water inrush precursors occurred. The apparent resistivity and acoustic emission energy of the surrounding rock also produce obvious sudden rise and surge before the water inrush, especially the growth point of the apparent resistivity jump appears in the long time before the water inrush. Through the analysis of the inherent relationship between the variation of multi-field information and the validity of water inrush prediction, it is found that the information of seepage pressure, apparent resistivity and displacement of water-holding layer has obvious precursor features before water inrush, An important source of precursors for early warning and monitoring of water inrush. The results are helpful to deepen the understanding of the process of catastrophic catastrophe in coal mines and provide a scientific basis for the evolution of water inrush precursor information and the establishment of real-time monitoring theory.