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在发展中国家,特别是存在劳动力供给严重过剩的发展中国家,就业问题一直是政府的一个非常棘手的问题。如何解决这一问题,传统观点认为应该大力发展劳动密集型产业。这一做法虽不能说没有任何效果,但多年的实践证明,这种做法并未从根本上解决问题,这说明传统的观点值得怀疑,因为在一些人口密度过高,自然资源相对短缺的国家,比如象日本、亚洲四小龙这样一些国家,政府并没有为实现就业目标而对产业的投资方向、资本技术和劳动的密集程度进行调整和干预,反而解决了严重的就业问题,原因何在?就业水平与投资的资本技术和劳动的密集程度之间究竟存在一种什么样的关系?旧的就业理论存在哪些缺陷?我们应该采用什么样的理论和政策才能从根本上解决就业问题,本文想就上述问题作一个初步的探讨。
In developing countries, especially in developing countries where there is a serious surplus in labor supply, employment has always been a very difficult issue for the government. How to solve this problem, the traditional view that should vigorously develop labor-intensive industries. Although this approach can not be said to have no effect, years of practice have proved that this practice has not fundamentally solved the problem. This shows that the traditional view is questionable because in some countries where the population density is too high and the natural resources are in short supply, For example, in some countries like Japan and Si-dragons, the government did not adjust and intervene in the investment direction, capital technology and labor intensity of the industry in order to achieve the employment goal. Instead, it solved the serious employment problem. Why? The level of employment What is the relationship between the old employment theory and what kind of relationship exist? What kind of theories and policies should we adopt in order to fundamentally solve the employment problem, A preliminary discussion of the issue.