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间隙连接蛋白43(connexin 43,CX43)是间隙连接蛋白家族的重要成员之一,参与体内众多生理和病理过程的调控。结构上,该蛋白由氨基端、跨膜结构及羧基端三部分组成,其羧基端上存在大量蛋白结合位点。通过这些位点,CX43能够与不同的蛋白发生相互作用:一方面,影响CX43自身的磷酸化状态,从而调控其降解、亚细胞定位以及装配等过程;另一方面,CX43羧基端还能够通过某些特定的结合位点,调控其他蛋白分子的功能状态,从而影响信号转导,调节细胞的生物学功能。近年来研究发现,该蛋白的羧基端(carboxyl terminal)显著地影响肿瘤细胞/肿瘤干细胞的生物学特性。该文就CX43羧基端的结构特点、与蛋白质的相互作用位点、调控肿瘤细胞/肿瘤干细胞增殖、迁移、自我更新和成瘤能力的作用机制进行简要综述。
Connexin 43 (CX43) is one of the important members of the gap junction protein family and is involved in the regulation of many physiological and pathological processes in the body. Structure, the protein from the amino-terminal, transmembrane structure and carboxyl terminal three parts, there are a large number of protein-binding sites at the carboxyl end. Through these sites, CX43 can interact with different proteins: on the one hand, CX43 itself affects its phosphorylation status, thereby regulating the process of its degradation, subcellular localization and assembly; on the other hand, Some specific binding sites, regulating the functional status of other protein molecules, thus affecting signal transduction, regulating the biological function of cells. Recent studies have found that the carboxyl terminal of the protein significantly affects the biological characteristics of tumor cells / tumor stem cells. This review summarizes the structural features of the CX43 carboxyl terminal, the interaction sites with proteins, and the mechanisms that regulate the proliferation, migration, self-renewal and tumorigenicity of tumor cells / tumor stem cells.