鲁迅与周作人对传统文人精神的承传虽有相同之处 ,但又存在根本性的差异 ,前者在继承合理因子的基础上 ,并加以革命性的改造 ,从而成为伟大的思想家与战士 ,后者则继承了消极因子 ,并滑入虚无、消极以至成为民族罪人。本文从精神文化遗传与变异的角度 ,侧重从鲁迅、周作人的成长历程 ,尤其是从对其作品的剖析 ,揭示其内在机制和轨迹 Although there are similarities between the traditions of the traditional literati in Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren, there are still fundamental differences between the former and the latter. On the basis of inheriting the rational factors, the former has been revolutionized so as to become a great thinker and warrior. Those who inherit the negative factors, and slide into nothingness, negative and even become a national sinner. This article focuses on the growth of Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren from the perspective of spiritual and cultural heritability and variation, especially from the analysis of his works, revealing its internal mechanism and trajectory