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在中国严重干旱的新疆哈密地区以葡萄和大枣两种果树为试验材料,研究了不同保水剂施用方法、用量对两种新植和挂果果树成活率、植株生长、果品含糖量和土壤含水量的影响,并对保水剂施用后的经济效益进行了分析。结果表明:保水剂直接拌土效果优于凝胶拌土;施用保水剂能显著增加土壤的保水能力,严重干旱时土壤含水量增加可达2倍以上;对于新移栽的果苗,10～30g/株的复合保水剂用量较为适宜,可以增加苗木成活率20%左右,并促进新梢生长;对于盛果期的葡萄树用100～200g/株复合保水剂较为适宜。复合保水剂为100g/株和200g/株时,葡萄产量分别较对照增产12.59%和25.29%,含糖量分别较对照增加9.92%和6.01%,每公顷分别增收2812.5元和5625.0元;在葡萄果实膨大期干旱胁迫时(正常灌水量75%的条件下),分别较对照增产38.46%和66.62%,含糖量增加0.78%,每公顷分别增收9967.5元和16605.0元。
In the severe drought area of China, Hami, Xinjiang, two fruit trees, grape and jujube, were used as experimental materials to study the application methods of different super absorbent polymers. The effects of different superplasticizers on the survival rate, plant growth, fruit sugar content and soil content The impact of water, and after the application of water retention agent economic benefits were analyzed. The results showed that the effect of water retaining agent directly mixing with soil was better than that of gelling soil. The application of water retaining agent could significantly increase the water holding capacity of soil, and the soil water content increased more than two times in serious drought. For the newly transplanted seedling, 10 ~ 30g / Strains of composite SAP is more appropriate, can increase the survival rate of about 20% seedlings and promote shoot growth; for grapevine in full bloom with 100 ~ 200g / strain of composite SAP is more appropriate. The yield of grape increased by 12.59% and 25.29% compared with the control when the composite SAP was 100g / plant and 200g / plant respectively, the sugar content increased by 9.92% and 6.01% respectively compared with the control, which increased by 2812.5 yuan and 5625.0 yuan per hectare respectively. Under drought stress (75% of normal irrigation), the fruit yield increased by 38.46% and 66.62% and the sugar content increased by 0.78% and 9967.5 and 16605.0 yuan per hectare respectively.