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[目的]采用超临界CO2萃取法和改进碱性乙醇浸泡法提取藜芦生物碱。[方法]以藜芦生物碱含量、提取时间为指标,将超临界CO2萃取法和改进碱性乙醇浸泡法提取藜芦生物碱进行比较。[结果]在最佳工艺条件下,超临界CO2萃取碱化后的藜芦,其粗品提取率为3.13%,藜芦生物碱的质量分数可达(藜芦总碱/粗品)14.38%,萃取时间3 h;碱性乙醇溶液浸泡法藜芦粗碱收率为10.15%,藜芦生物碱质量分数为4.35%,时间72 h。[结论]与传统提取方法相比,超临界CO2萃取藜芦生物碱不但提取率高、时间短,而且粗碱中生物碱比例高、杂质少、浊度小,过程环保、高效。
[Objective] The research aimed to extract the alkaloids of veratrum with supercritical CO2 extraction and alkaline ethanol soaking. [Method] With the content and extraction time of veratrum alkaloids, the supercritical CO2 extraction method and the improved alkaline ethanol immersion method were used to compare the alkaloids of Veratrum. [Result] Under the optimum conditions, the crude extract of veratrum with supercritical CO2 extraction was 3.13%, the content of veratrum alkaloids was up to 14.38% Time 3 h; alkali ethanol solution soaking carassius crude alkali yield was 10.15%, veratridine alkaloid mass fraction of 4.35%, time 72 h. [Conclusion] Compared with the traditional extraction method, the extraction of veratris alkaloids by supercritical CO2 not only has high extraction rate and short time, but also has high proportion of alkaloids in crude alkali, less impurities and less turbidity, and is environmentally friendly and efficient.