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本文通过历史文献的梳理,简述了法国狂欢节发展流变的若干重要的历史阶段,尤其是承接启蒙运动的文艺复兴末期和1789年法国大革命之后至19世纪中期的现代化早期,揭示了狂欢节作为一种群体性的“娱乐”节日,始终与社会政治保持着密切联系。狂欢节之于社会,它既是下层民众可资利用的斗争手段,也是上层掌权者维护统治的工具;它既是阶级压力的集中释放,也是以获得社会认同与社会动员的真实力量。
This paper reviews some important historical stages of the development of the French carnival through the review of historical documents, especially the late Renaissance to undertake the Enlightenment and the early modern period from the French Revolution of 1789 to the mid-19th of the 18th century, revealing the carnival As a group “entertainment ” festival, has always maintained close contact with social politics. Carnivalesque society is not only a means of struggle available to the lower classes of people, but also a tool used by upper-level powerhouses to maintain their rule. It is both a concentrated release of class pressure and a true force for social identification and social mobilization.