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本文报道了在苏联切尔诺贝利核电站事故后,对北京、沈阳、包头、甘肃、和浙江秦山等地区的一些环境样品的监测结果。监测从1986年5月1日开始,采集的样品包括空气、沉降灰、雨水、水库水、植物和土壤等,还测量了飞越国内外航线飞机上的尘埃样品。用反符合屏蔽低本底Ge(Li)γ谱仪对所有样品进行了分析测量,用放化分析方法测定了部分样品中放射性锶和钚的含量。 监测结果表明,切尔诺贝利核电站释放出来的放射性烟云于5月2日前抵达北京地区。一般来说,我国北部地区测得的放射性烟云浓度比南部地区大。在欧洲和亚洲航班飞机上的尘埃中均发现有裂变产物,其含量前者明显地高于后者。各种样品中均含有裂变产物,主要成分有:~(131)I、~(137)Cs、~(134)Cs、~(103)Ru和~(132)Te-~(132)I等。~(137)与~(134)Cs之比约为2:1。初步估算事故对北京地区公众个人所产生的不完全有效剂量当量负担为11.3μSv,其中外照射贡献为7.gμSv,内照射贡献为3.4μSv。
This paper reports the monitoring results of some environmental samples in Beijing, Shenyang, Baotou, Gansu, and Qinshan of Zhejiang after the Chernobyl nuclear accident in the Soviet Union. Monitoring began on May 1, 1986 with samples collected including air, sediment ash, rainwater, reservoir water, plants and soil, as well as dust samples flying over domestic and foreign aircraft. All samples were analyzed by anti-conforming shield low background Ge (Li) γ spectrometer, and the content of radioactive strontium and plutonium in some samples was determined by radiochemical analysis. The monitoring results show that radioactive clouds of smoke released from the Chernobyl nuclear power station arrived in Beijing by May 2. In general, the concentration of radioactive clouds of smoke measured in the northern part of our country is greater than in the southern part. Fission products were found in the dust on aircraft on both European and Asian flights, with the former being significantly higher than the latter. All the samples contain fission products. The main constituents are ~ (131) I, ~ (137) Cs, ~ (134) Cs, ~ (103) Ru and ~ (132) Te ~ ~ (132) I and so on. The ratio of ~ (137) to ~ (134) Cs is about 2: 1. The initial estimate of the accident caused an incomplete effective dose equivalent to 11.3μSv for the public in Beijing, with a contribution of 7. gμSv for external irradiation and 3.4μSv for internal irradiation.