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目的:通过对侧颅底重要解剖标志的观察与测量,为临床侧颅底手术的定位、导航提供解剖学依据。方法:20具40侧10%甲醛浸泡的成人尸头(黄种人)和20例临床手术患者进行侧颅底指引标志的观察与测量。尸头标本按1~40的顺序进行编号;20侧临床手术患者按1~20的顺序进行编号。结果:通过测量得出侧颅底相关定位标志的解剖数据:颈静脉孔静脉部、神经部与颅底重要指引标志的距离;迷路三角、迷路后三角及乳突表面三角的面积;侧颅底手术中面神经主动移位的最大距离。结论:耳科与颅底外科的手术几乎均在深埋于颅(颞)骨的狭窄空间内操作,周围布满了重要的血管和神经,术者了解侧颅底重要标志的定位测量数据有利于手术中安全扩大手术视野,有效避免术中损伤重要血管、神经,最大限度地保留面神经功能,最终提高患者的生存质量。
OBJECTIVE: To provide anatomic evidence for positioning and navigation of clinical skull base surgery by observing and measuring important anatomical landmarks of the skull base. Methods: 20 adult cadaver heads (yellow) with 20% formaldehyde in 40 sides and 20 cases of clinical surgeries were observed and measured. Cadaver specimens are numbered 1 to 40 in sequence; patients in the 20 clinical surgeries are numbered 1 to 20 in order. RESULTS: The anatomical data of the lateral skull base-related location markers were obtained: the distances between the jugular vein veins, the important neurological signs and the skull base; the area of the triangular trigone, the triangle behind the labyrinth and the triangular surface of the mastoid; The maximal distance of facial nerve active shift during operation. Conclusion: The operations of otology and skull base surgery are almost all operated in the narrow space buried deep in the skull (bone) and are surrounded by important blood vessels and nerves. The surgeon understands the positioning measurement data of important signs of skull base Which is conducive to safely expanding the surgical field of vision during surgery, effectively avoiding intraoperative injury of important blood vessels and nerves, maximizing facial nerve function and ultimately improving patient’s quality of life.